# 新加坡 P6 英语语法大全 (PSLE Grammar Guide)
## 一、主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)
### 核心规则
主语和谓语动词必须在**单复数**上保持一致。这是 PSLE 最常考的语法点。
### 关键考点
**1. 不定代词永远用单数**
– *each, every, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody*
– 例句：Everyone **has** (✓) / ~~have~~ (✗) finished their homework.
– 例句：Nobody **knows** (✓) / ~~know~~ (✗) the answer.
**2. 插入语不影响主语**
– 逗号之间的补充信息（如 *together with, along with, as well as, including*）不改变主语的单复数。
– 例句：Anna, together with her friends, **is** (✓) / ~~are~~ (✗) going to the park.
– 例句：The teacher, as well as the students, **was** (✓) / ~~were~~ (✗) present.
**3. 就近原则 (neither/nor, either/or)**
– 动词与**离它最近**的主语保持一致。
– 例句：Neither the teacher nor the students **are** (✓) going.
– 例句：Neither the students nor the teacher **is** (✓) going.
**4. 动名词作主语用单数**
– 以 *-ing* 开头的动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。
– 例句：**Reading** a collection of books **is** (✓) / ~~are~~ (✗) enjoyable.
– 例句：**Playing** video games all day **wastes** (✓) / ~~waste~~ (✗) time.
**5. 集合名词**
– *family, team, class, group* 等词：强调整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数。
– 例句：My family **is** (✓) very large. (强调整体)
– 例句：My family **are** (✓) watching TV. (强调成员)
### 练习题
1. Everyone in the class ___ (enjoy) the movie.
2. The boy, together with his brothers, ___ (play) football.
3. Neither the parents nor the child ___ (know) about it.
4. ___ (Swim) in the ocean ___ (be) my dream.
5. The committee ___ (decide) on a new policy.
—
## 二、时态 (Tenses)
### PSLE 重点时态
**1. 一般现在时 (Simple Present)**
– 用法：习惯性动作、事实、状态
– 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day
– 例句：She **goes** to school by bus every day.
**2. 现在进行时 (Present Continuous)**
– 用法：正在进行的动作
– 结构：am/is/are + V-ing
– 标志词：now, at the moment, right now
– 例句：Look! The children **are playing** in the garden.
**3. 一般过去时 (Simple Past)**
– 用法：过去发生的动作（有明确时间）
– 标志词：yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
– 例句：I **visited** my grandparents last Sunday.
**4. 现在完成时 (Present Perfect)** ⭐⭐⭐
– 用法：经历、结果、从过去持续到现在的动作
– 结构：have/has + 过去分词 (V3)
– 标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for
– 例句：I **have visited** France twice. (经历)
– 例句：She **has lived** here **since** 2018. (持续到现在)
**5. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect)** ⭐⭐⭐
– 用法：两个过去动作中，**先发生**的那个
– 结构：had + 过去分词 (V3)
– 例句：She **had** already **eaten** dinner when her friend **arrived**. (先吃饭，后到达)
### 练习题
1. She ___ (go) to the library yesterday.
2. They ___ (study) English for three years. (持续到现在)
3. By the time we arrived, the movie ___ (already/start).
4. Look! The dog ___ (chase) a cat.
5. I ___ (never/be) to Singapore before.
—
## 三、介词 (Prepositions)
### 常见介词搭配 (Collocations)
| 形容词 | 正确介词 | 错误示例 |
|——–|———-|———-|
| interested | **in** | ~~on~~ |
| good at | **at** | ~~in~~ |
| afraid of | **of** | ~~from~~ |
| proud of | **of** | ~~about~~ |
| familiar with | **with** | ~~to~~ |
| responsible for | **for** | ~~of~~ |
| capable of | **of** | ~~for~~ |
| fond of | **of** | ~~with~~ |
| angry with (人) / at (事) | **with/at** | ~~to~~ |
| surprised at | **at** | ~~with~~ |
### 时间介词：in / on / at
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|——|——|——|
| **at** | 具体时刻、节日当天 | at 3 pm, at Christmas |
| **on** | 具体日期、星期几 | on Monday, on May 1st |
| **in** | 月份、年份、季节、世纪 | in May, in 2025, in summer |
### 练习题
1. She is interested ___ art.
2. He is good ___ playing chess.
3. I’m afraid ___ spiders.
4. We will meet ___ Monday ___ 3 pm.
5. She has lived here ___ 2020.
—
## 四、连词 (Conjunctions)
### 连词的分类与用法
**1. 并列连词 (FANBOYS)**
– **F**or (因为), **A**nd (和), **N**or (也不), **B**ut (但是), **O**r (或者), **Y**et (然而), **S**o (所以)
– 例句：He was tired, **yet** he stayed up late. (转折)
– 例句：It was raining, **so** we stayed home. (结果)
**2. 从属连词**
– **时间：** when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
– **原因：** because, since, as
– **条件：** if, unless (除非)
– **目的：** so that, in order that
– 例句：I will call you **when** I arrive.
– 例句：**Unless** you study, you will fail. (= If you don’t study)
### 练习题
1. He was hungry, ___ he ate a sandwich. (所以)
2. ___ it was raining, we went out. (虽然)
3. I will wait ___ you finish. (直到)
4. ___ you study hard, you won’t pass. (除非)
5. She was tired, ___ she continued working. (然而)
—
## 五、冠词 (Articles: a / an / the)
### 核心规则
– **a** 用于辅音**发音**开头的词前
– **an** 用于元音**发音**开头的词前
– **the** 用于特指的事物
### 常见陷阱
– **an hour** (h 不发音，读作 /aʊər/)
– **a university** (u 发 /juː/，辅音音素)
– **the sun, the moon, the earth** (独一无二的事物)
– **in the morning/afternoon/evening**
– **go to school/hospital/prison** (特定功能场所，无冠词)
### 练习题
1. I saw ___ elephant at ___ zoo.
2. She is ___ honest person.
3. ___ sun rises in the east.
4. He has ___ hour to finish the test.
5. ___ university where he studies is famous.